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Clemens August von Galen, Bishop of Munster, who spoke out against the "euthanasia" programme in Nazi Germany, was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2005. [1]During the Second World War, the Roman Catholic Church protested against Aktion T4, the Nazi involuntary euthanasia programme under which 300,000 disabled people were murdered.
Hamerow characterised the resistance approach of senior Catholic clergy like August von Galen of Münster as "trying to influence the Third Reich from within". When in 1936, Nazis removed crucifixes in school, protest by Galen led to public demonstration. Like Presying, he assisted with the drafting of the 1937 papal encyclical. [84]
8. Graf Clemens August von Galen (1748–1820) 4. Graf Johann Matthias von Galen (1800–1880) 9. Anna Angela Caroline von Ascheberg (1773–1806) 2. Graf Ferdinand Heribert von Galen (1831–1906) 10. Freiherr Maximilian von Ketteler (1779–1832) 5. Freiin Anna Maria von Ketteler (1803–1884) 11. Clementine von der Wenge zu Beck (1778–1844) 1.
Clemens August Graf von Galen, Bishop of Münster, was typical of the many fearless Catholic speakers. In general terms, therefore, the churches were the only major organisations to offer comparatively early and open resistance: they remained so in later years.
Bishops Konrad von Preysing and Clemens August Graf von Galen assisted with the drafting of Pope Pius XI's 1937 German encyclical Mit brennender Sorge, which was written partly in response to the Nuremberg Laws. [40] [64] The papal letter condemned racial theories and the mistreatment of people based on race. [64]
Mass protests mounted up in Munich condemning the move, and Hitler forced Bormann to rescind the order. [29] July–August 1941 – Cardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen's sermons denounce lawlessness of Gestapo, confiscations of church properties, and Nazi euthanasia. Government takes program underground. [30] Clergy were drafted into the ...
Münster bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen was Preysing's cousin. A conservative nationalist, he began criticising Nazi racial policy in a January 1934 sermon. Galen equated unquestioning loyalty to the Reich with "slavery", and opposed Hitler's theory of German purity. [168] With Presying, he helped draft the 1937 papal encyclical. [168]
On 20 July 1941, Clemens August Graf von Galen, then bishop of Münster, delivered the second of his three famous sermons against the Nazi regime in the Überwasserkirche, titled "We are the anvil, not the hammer" ("Wir sind der Amboss, nicht der Hammer"). [7] The church was badly damaged during bombings in World War II.