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Counterpoises are typically used in antenna systems for radio transmitters where a good earth ground connection cannot be constructed.. Monopole antennas used at low frequencies, below 3 MHz, such as the mast radiator antennas used for AM broadcasting, require the radio transmitter to be electrically connected to the Earth under the antenna; this is called a ground (or earth).
A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-shaped conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface, called a ground plane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The driving signal from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the lower end ...
For antennas near a half-wavelength high (180 electrical degrees [b]) the antenna has a voltage maximum near its base, which results in strong electric fields in the earth above the ground wires near the mast where the displacement current enters the ground. To reduce this loss these antennas often use a conductive copper ground screen under ...
A whip antenna with several rods extending horizontally from base of the whip in a star-shaped pattern, similar to an upside-down radiate crown, that form the artificial, elevated ground plane that gives the antenna its name. The ground plane rods attach to the ground wire of the feedline, the other wire feeds the whip. Since the whip is ...
There are several types derived from copper and steel: copper-bonded, stainless-steel, solid copper, galvanized steel ground. In recent decades, there has been developed chemical grounding rods for low impedance ground containing natural electrolytic salts. [31] and Nano-Carbon Fiber Grounding rods. [32]
This contrasts with a monopole antenna, which consists of a single rod or conductor with one side of the feedline connected to it, and the other side connected to some type of ground. [7] A common example of a dipole is the rabbit ears television antenna found on broadcast television sets.
A quarter-wave monopole, B intermediate-fed quarter-wave monopole, C inverted-L antenna, D inverted-F antenna. The inverted-F antenna is an evolution of the widely-used quarter-wave monopole antenna, which consists of a conductive rod mounted perpendicularly above a conductive ground plane, fed at its base.
Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive surface, they may be mounted with a ground plane to approximate the effect of being mounted on the Earth's surface. Diagram of the electric fields (blue) and magnetic fields (red) radiated by a dipole antenna (black rods) during transmission. More complex antennas increase the directivity of the antenna.
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