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It is characterized by a very dilated colon , accompanied by abdominal distension , and sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or shock. Toxic megacolon is usually a complication of inflammatory bowel disease , such as ulcerative colitis and, more rarely, Crohn's disease , and of some infections of the colon, including Clostridioides difficile ...
Diversion colitis is an inflammation of the colon which can occur as a complication of ileostomy or colostomy, where symptoms may occur between one month and three years following surgery. [1] It also occurs frequently in a neovagina created by colovaginoplasty , with varying delay after the original procedure. [ 2 ]
The first type of surgery is to bypass the affected segments of the bowel. The second type is a more extensive surgery called hemicolectomy , where a large portion of the bowel is removed. [ 2 ] The third type is stricturoplasty which is done for relieving the luminal obstruction caused due to intestinal tuberculosis. [ 10 ]
Abdominal pain, tenderness [2] Complications: Sepsis, abscess [2] Usual onset: Sudden or more gradual [2] Causes: Trauma, following colonoscopy, bowel obstruction, colon cancer, diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, ischemic bowel, C. difficile infection [2] Diagnostic method: CT scan, plain X-ray [2] Treatment: Emergency surgery in the form of an ...
Those anticipating surgery can reduce their risk of complications by stopping smoking thirty days prior to surgery. The patient's skin can be evaluated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus prior to surgery since this bacterium causes wound infections in postoperative wounds. Treating any other infections prior to surgery also reduces the ...
Any abdominal surgery may result in an incisional hernia where the abdomen was accessed. Hernias develop when the fascia of the abdominal cavity separates after the surgical closure. This may be due to suture failure, poor wound healing. Other risk factors include obesity and smoking. [22]
Radiation colitis occurs after irradiation and often affects the rectum or sigmoid colon, similar to ulcerative colitis. Upon histology radiation colitis may indicate eosinophilic infiltrates, abnormal epithelial cells, or fibrosis. Diversion colitis, on the other hand, occurs after portions of bowel loops have been removed.
The first step in diagnosis is to determine the etiology of abdominal distension. After making a differential diagnosis of abdominal distension, it is important to take a careful medical history. [9] Here are the most common causes of abdominal distension classified as an underlying cause and as a secondary disease. As an underlying disease cause: