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The term "vertical farming" was coined by Gilbert Ellis Bailey in 1915 in his book Vertical Farming.His use of the term differs from the current meaning—he wrote about farming with a special interest in soil origin, its nutrient content and the view of plant life as "vertical" life forms, specifically relating to their underground root structures. [16]
A 2020 survey of indoor farming in the U.S. [18] found that indoor production was: 26% leafy greens, 20% herbs; 16% microgreens; 10% tomatoes; 28% other; AeroFarms, founded in 2011, raised $40 million in 2017 and reportedly opened the largest indoor farm in the world in Newark, New Jersey in 2015; [19] by 2018 it built its 10th indoor farm. [19]
Findbusinesses4sale explored what the rise of vertical farming can mean for domestic food production, using Department of Agriculture data.
Vertical farming is a proposed agricultural concept in which entire urban high-rise buildings, not just the building envelope, are dedicated to large-scale farming. [21] According to various researchers, to be realized vertical farms would require significant technological breakthroughs with regards to energy consumption and lighting. [ 22 ]
Agriculture can have negative effects on biodiversity as well. [5] Organic farming is a multifaceted sustainable agriculture set of practices that can have a lower impact on the environment at a small scale. However, in most cases organic farming results in lower yields in terms of production per unit area. [68]
The AVF acknowledges that vertical farming in its current state can provide access to fresh, safe, and sufficient food, independent of climate and location. In the decades to come, where overpopulation and severe planetary changes challenge our current way of life, vertical farming will become a necessary solution in global food production.
Emerging in North America in the 1970s and 1980s, vertical tillage (VT) is a system of principles and guidelines similar to conservation agriculture (CA) in that it aims to improve soil health, increase water infiltration and decrease soil erosion and compaction (improve bulk density).
Vertical mixing has been reduced due to ocean stratification effects associated with climate change. [97] Reduced vertical mixing and marine heatwaves have decimated seaweed ecosystems in many areas. [ 98 ] [ 99 ] [ 100 ] Marine permaculture mitigates this by restoring some vertical mixing and preserves these important ecosystems.