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2. Sill plate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_plate

   A sill plate or sole plate in construction and architecture is the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached. The word "plate" is typically omitted in America and carpenters speak simply of the "sill". Other names are rat sill, ground plate, ground sill, groundsel, night plate, and midnight sill. [1 ...

3. Door - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door

   Sill (for exterior doors) – A horizontal sill plate below the door that supports the door frame. Similar to a window sill but for a door; Threshold (for exterior doors) – A horizontal plate below the door that bridges the crack between the interior floor and the sill.

4. Framing (construction) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(construction)

   They are supported on a bottom plate or foundation sill and in turn support the top plate. Studs usually consist of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-by-3 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch (38 mm × 89 mm) or 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-by-5 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch (38 mm × 140 mm) lumber and are commonly spaced at 16 inches (410 mm) on center.

5. Wall plate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_plate

   The terms sole plate or sill plate are used for the members at the bottom of a wall at the foundation but are most often just called a sole or sill without the word plate. Other load-bearing timbers use the term plate but are not in the wall such as crown plate , a purlin -like beam carried by crown posts in roof framing, and a purlin plate ...

6. Flashing (weatherproofing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashing_(weatherproofing)

   Sill flashing (or sill pan) A concealed flashing placed under windows or door thresholds to prevent water from entering a wall at those points. Roof penetration flashing Used to waterproof pipes, supports, cables, and all roof protrusions. Stainless steel penetration flashings have proven to be the longest lasting and most reliable roof ...

7. Caisson (lock gate) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(lock_gate)

   To seal the gate the enlarged 'keel' of the ship caisson fits closely into a groove in the stonework of the lock opening. Flexible material is attached to this prominent keel and seals the water. Originally rope or oakum packing was used. Modern caissons use neoprene rubber. To make use of the pressure of water acting on the caisson, the seal ...