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2. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

   These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.

3. Base (exponentiation) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(exponentiation)

   The number n is called the exponent and the expression is known formally as exponentiation of b by n or the exponential of n with base b. It is more commonly expressed as "the nth power of b", "b to the nth power" or "b to the power n". For example, the fourth power of 10 is 10,000 because 10 4 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10,000.

4. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

   This definition of exponentiation with negative exponents is the only one that allows extending the identity + = to negative exponents (consider the case =). The same definition applies to invertible elements in a multiplicative monoid , that is, an algebraic structure , with an associative multiplication and a multiplicative identity denoted 1 ...

5. Order of operations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

   When exponents were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were given precedence over both addition and multiplication and placed as a superscript to the right of their base. [2] Thus 3 + 5 2 = 28 and 3 × 5 2 = 75. These conventions exist to avoid notational ambiguity while allowing notation to remain brief. [4]

6. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

   The formula for the difference of two squares can be used for factoring polynomials that contain the square of a first quantity minus the square of a second quantity. For example, the polynomial can be factored as follows:

7. Tetration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration

   There is no standard notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation and the left-exponent x b are common. Under the definition as repeated exponentiation, n a {\displaystyle {^{n}a}} means a a ⋅ ⋅ a {\displaystyle {a^{a^{\cdot ^{\cdot ^{a}}}}}} , where n copies of a are iterated via exponentiation, right-to-left, i.e. the ...