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The imperial gallon was defined as the volume of 10 pounds of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights with the barometer standing at 30 inches of mercury (100 kilopascals; 15 pounds per square inch) and at a temperature of 62 °F (16.7 °C), which was calculated as 277.274 in 3 (or 4.543 706 784 L to ten significant figures).
[a] Originally defined as the volume of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water (under certain conditions) [b], then redefined by the Weights and Measures Act 1985 to be exactly 4.546 09 L (≈277.42 cu in), the imperial gallon is 1.62% smaller than the pre-1824 ale gallon.
Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.
The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, [21] but in the US it is defined as 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois.
c. 74) declared that, for measures of liquids and unheaped dry volume, a 'quarter' equals eight bushels (64 imperial gallons (290.95 L), where a gallon is defined as a volume of water weight ten troy pounds). [12] The term pail is also used for this unit of dry volume. [13] The 1824 Act delegitimised all previous definitions.
An imperial fluid ounce is 1 ⁄ 20 of an imperial pint, 1 ⁄ 160 of an imperial gallon, or exactly 28.4130625 mL. A US customary fluid ounce is 1 ⁄ 16 of a US liquid pint, 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon, or exactly 29.5735295625 mL, making it about 4.084% larger than the imperial fluid ounce. A US food labeling fluid ounce is exactly 30 mL.
In the standard system the conversion is that 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm, which makes a gallon = 3785.411784 millilitres exactly. For nutritional labeling on food packages in the US, the teaspoon is defined as exactly 5 ml, [22] giving 1 gallon = 3840 ml exactly. This chart uses the former.
When the Tower system was abolished in the 16th century, the bushel was redefined as 56 avoirdupois pounds. The imperial bushel established by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 described the bushel as the volume of 80 avoirdupois pounds of distilled water in air at 62 °F (17 °C) [citation needed] or 8 imperial gallons. [1]