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Ribavirin is the only known treatment for a variety of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early stages.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is under investigation, so its side effects have yet to be fully evaluated and may not be completely known. [ 19 ] Other side effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir may include hypersensitivity reactions , liver toxicity , and development of HIV drug resistance in people with uncontrolled or undiagnosed HIV infection .
The general idea behind modern antiviral drug design is to identify viral proteins, or parts of proteins, that can be disabled. [11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8]
Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors (PIs) and like other PIs is almost always used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Nelfinavir is an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (K i = 2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase ...
[42] [43] Neuropsychiatric symptoms and body pain, followed by skin problems, were identified as the side effects most significantly reducing patient satisfaction on a drug review platform. [ 44 ] The US and EU package inserts for oseltamivir contain a warning of psychiatric effects observed in post-marketing surveillance.
Darunavir is an Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (DHHS) recommended treatment option for adults and adolescents, regardless of whether they have received HIV treatment in the past. [14] [15] In a study of people that had never received HIV treatment, darunavir was as effective as lopinavir/ritonavir at 96 weeks with a once-daily dosing ...
Tenofovir disoproxil is a pro-drug form of tenofovir phosphonate, which is liberated intracellularly and converted to tenofovir disphophate. [32] It is marketed by Gilead Sciences (as the fumarate, abbreviated TDF). [33] Tenofovir disoproxil is also available in pills which combine a number of antiviral drugs into a single dose.
Ensitrelvir is being studied for its potential use as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. [19] [20] The SCORPIO-PEP trial is a global Phase 3 trial that will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in household contacts of people who tested positive for COVID-19.