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Inbreeding results in homozygosity which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. [3] In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population [ 4 ] [ 5 ] (called inbreeding depression ), which is its ability to survive and reproduce.
A transgenic individual can later be bred to homozygosity and maintained as an inbred line to reduce the need to confirm the genotype of each individual. In cultured mammalian cells, such as the Chinese hamster ovary cell line, a number of genetic loci are present in a functional hemizygous state, due to mutations or deletions in the other alleles.
For example, the step-wise reintroduction strategy of the Alpine Ibex in the Swiss Alps created several strong population bottlenecks that reduced the genetic diversity of the newly introduced individuals. The effect of inbreeding in the resulting sub-populations could be studied by measuring the runs of homozygosity in different individuals.
Genetic purging is the increased pressure of natural selection against deleterious alleles prompted by inbreeding. [1]Purging occurs because deleterious alleles tend to be recessive, which means that they only express all their harmful effects when they are present in the two copies of the individual (i.e., in homozygosis).
The hypothesis states that inbreeding increases the amount of overall homozygosity—not just locally in the MHC, so an increase in genetic homozygosity may be accompanied not only by the expression of recessive diseases and mutations, but by the loss of any potential heterozygote advantage as well. [17] [2] Animals only rarely avoid inbreeding ...
The left-hand side is the difference between the current and previous levels of inbreeding: the change in inbreeding (δf t). Notice, that this change in inbreeding (δf t) is equal to the de novo inbreeding (Δf) only for the first cycle—when f t-1 is zero. (B) An item of note is the (1-f t-1), which is an "index of non-inbreeding".
One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions ...
Inbreeding can be referred to as homogamy. [1] Homogamy refers to the maturation of male and female reproductive organs (of plants) at the same time, which is also known as simultaneous or synchronous hermaphrodism and is the antonym of dichogamy. Many flowers appear to be homogamous but some of these may not be strictly functionally homogamous ...