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High-pressure electrolysis (HPE) is the electrolysis of water by decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen gas (H 2) due to the passing of an electric current through the water. [1] The difference with a standard proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is the compressed hydrogen output around 12–20 megapascals (120 ...
A pressure exchanger transfers pressure energy from a high pressure fluid stream to a low pressure fluid stream. Many industrial processes operate at elevated pressures and have high pressure waste streams. One way of providing a high pressure fluid to such a process is to transfer the waste pressure to a low pressure stream using a pressure ...
In shell-and-tube heat exchangers there is a potential for a tube to rupture and for high pressure (HP) fluid to enter and over-pressurise the low pressure (LP) side of the heat exchanger. [8] The usual configuration of exchangers is for the HP fluid to be in the tubes and for LP water, cooling or heating media to be on the shell side.
The polymer electrolyte membrane, due to its solid structure, exhibits a low gas crossover rate resulting in very high product gas purity. [1] Maintaining a high gas purity is important for storage safety and for the direct usage in a fuel cell. The safety limits for H 2 in O 2 are at standard conditions 4 mol-% H 2 in O 2. [13]
Thus the flow rate of the straight pipe is greater than that of the vertical one. Furthermore, because the lower energy fluid in the boundary layer branches through the channels the higher energy fluid in the pipe centre remains in the pipe as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4. Velocity profile along a manifold
The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question. A phase diagram in physical chemistry , engineering , mineralogy , and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct ...
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.
For example, this could be transferring heat from a hot flow of liquid to a cold one, or transferring the concentration of a dissolved solute from a high concentration flow of liquid to a low concentration flow. The counter-current exchange system can maintain a nearly constant gradient between the two flows over their entire length of contact ...