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A wide field view of outer space as seen from Earth's surface at night. The interplanetary dust cloud is visible as the horizontal band of zodiacal light, including the false dawn [28] (edges) and gegenschein (center), which is visually crossed by the Milky Way. Outer space is the closest known approximation to a perfect vacuum.
Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies. It contains ultra-low levels of particle densities , constituting a near-perfect vacuum of predominantly hydrogen and helium plasma , permeated by electromagnetic radiation , cosmic rays , neutrinos , magnetic fields and dust .
The Outer Space Treaty represents the basic legal framework of international space law. According to the U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), the core principles of the treaty are: [17] the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind;
Also soon into the space age the international community came together starting to negotiate dedicated international law governing outer space activity. In the 1970s the Soviet Union started to invite other countries to fly their people into space through its Intercosmos program and the United States started to include women and people of ...
The UN's interest in the peaceful uses of outer space was first expressed in 1957, soon after the launching of the first Sputnik.Its main concern was that space should be used for peaceful purposes and that the benefits from space activities be shared by all nations.
The Outer Space Treaty broadly established the concept of space being the province of all mankind, [37] and has been discussed in comparison to the later by the Moon Treaty invoked concept of common heritage of humanity, while overlapping concepts the latter highlights the proclaimed material nature of celestial bodies and the former the ...
Astrosociology, sociology of outer space, or sociology of the universe [1] is the study of the relationship between outer space, extraterrestrial places, and the wider universe and society. It is an interdisciplinary study between space-related sciences and sociology that seeks to understand the impact of human society outside our current ...
The Outer Space Treaty contains seventeen articles designed to create a basic framework for how international law can be applied in outer space. [26] Basic principles of the Outer Space Treaty include the provision in Article IX that parties should "avoid harmful contamination of space and celestial bodies;" [26] definitions of "harmful ...