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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset , myoclonic , or tonic–clonic seizures, [ 7 ] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein .
Status epilepticus is a life-threatening medical emergency, particularly if treatment is delayed. [1] Status epilepticus may occur in those with a history of epilepsy as well as those with an underlying problem of the brain. [2] These underlying brain problems may include trauma, infections, or strokes, among others.
Therefore, almost all new epilepsy drugs are initially approved only as adjunctive (add-on) therapies. Patients whose epilepsy is uncontrolled by their medication (i.e., it is refractory to treatment) are selected to see if supplementing the medication with the new drug leads to an improvement in seizure control.
Lamotrigine has fewer drug interactions than many anticonvulsant drugs, although pharmacokinetic interactions with carbamazepine, phenytoin and other hepatic enzyme-inducing medications may shorten half-life. [83] Dose adjustments should be made on clinical response, but monitoring may be of benefit in assessing compliance. [5]
[91] [92] A form of an infection with the pork tapeworm (cysticercosis), in the brain, is known as neurocysticercosis, and is the cause of up to half of epilepsy cases in areas of the world where the parasite is common. [72] Epilepsy may also occur after other brain infections such as cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, and toxocariasis. [72]
Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [3] [5] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures. [6] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments. [7] [5] It is taken by ...
The medication, along with methadone treatment and needle exchange initiatives, also helped cut in half the HIV rate among intravenous drug users. By 2004, almost all of Australia’s heroin addicts in treatment were on methadone or buprenorphine, and the country had reduced its overdose deaths.
The authors also warned of the similarities in pharmacology and mechanism of action of the newer nonbenzodiazepine Z drugs. [136] The elimination half-life of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, as well as other long half-life benzodiazepines, is twice as long in the elderly compared to younger individuals. Many doctors do not adjust benzodiazepine ...
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