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Phytolacca americana, also known as American pokeweed, pokeweed, poke sallet, pokeberry, dragonberries, pigeonberry weed, and inkberry, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the pokeweed family Phytolaccaceae. This pokeweed grows 1 to 3 metres (4 to 10 ft). [4] It has simple leaves on green to red or purplish stems and a large white ...
A Phytolacca-like fossil has been described from the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian) Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico, it is a permineralized multiple infructescence composed of berries with six locules, each containing a single seed with a curved embryo developed in a curved ovule with pendulous placentation, a berry anatomy that ...
Berries fully ripen in early fall, but can be challenging to collect due to birds who use the fruit as a resource. Ripening process for berries occurs mainly from July to November while leaves are fully developed around May. [10] Frangula californica subsp. californica in flower Ripening fruit
How Toxic Are Holly Berries? Dr. Tina Wismer, senior director of toxicology at the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, says, “ Holly is a common holiday plant that people decorate with.
In all, a few dozen species of birds are pokeweed-berry consumers, and most of our birds are in decline. Leaving a few pokeweed plants, should they appear, can only help.
Cascara is usually top-killed by fire, but may resprout from the root crown. After more severe fires, it reestablishes via off-site seed beginning the second year after the fire. It typically inhabits areas with fire regimes on 30 to 150 year intervals, although it is also found in areas with fire regimes of 500+ years. [17]
“The leaves are more toxic than the berries. Reports of more severe signs (low heart rate, seizures) are really only seen with grazing animals that ingest large amounts.”
The juice made from the berries was used as a dye and ink at one time. The berries contain a pigment known as rivianin or rivinianin , [ 4 ] which has the IUPAC name 5-O-β- D -Glucopyranoside, 3-sulfate, CAS number 58115-21-2, and molecular formula C 24 H 26 N 2 O 16 S. [ 11 ] It is very similar to betanin , the pigment found in beets . [ 4 ]