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Members of ASHRAE receive the current volume, in both print and CD-ROM form, each year as a basic membership benefit. An enhanced electronic version, known as ASHRAE Handbook Online is a web-based version updated annually that contains the four latest volumes as well as extra content such as calculations, demonstration videos, and spreadsheets.
For commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, the kilowatt (kW) is the basic unit of refrigeration, except in North America, where both ton of refrigeration and BTU/h are used. A refrigeration system's coefficient of performance (CoP) is very important in determining a system's overall efficiency. It is defined as refrigeration capacity ...
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
The most common refrigeration cycle is the vapor compression cycle, which models systems using refrigerants that change phase. The absorption refrigeration cycle is an alternative that absorbs the refrigerant in a liquid solution rather than evaporating it. Gas refrigeration cycles include the reversed Brayton cycle and the Hampson–Linde cycle.
A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), [1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles.
China's defence ministry blamed the United States' stance on Taiwan for its minister not meeting his U.S. counterpart during a gathering this week in Laos. Defence Minister Dong Jun turned down ...
During the raid, they found that a book titled “The Constitution of The United States” was actually a lockbox, according to the indictment. Inside, officials said, there was $20,000 in cash. ...
Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s. [7] In 1834, the first working vapor-compression refrigeration, using the same technology seen in air conditioners, system was built. [8] The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854. [9] In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. [10]