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In terms of disease, the left gastric artery may be involved in peptic ulcer disease: if an ulcer erodes through the stomach mucosa into a branch of the artery, this can cause massive blood loss into the stomach, which may result in such symptoms as hematemesis or melaena.
The greater curvature of the stomach forms the lower left or lateral border of the stomach. [3] Starting from the cardiac orifice it begins at the cardiac notch, forming an arch backward, upward, and to the left. A horizontal plane across from the cardiac notch encloses an area called the fundus of the stomach.
Diagram showing parts of the stomach. The human stomach can be divided into four sections, beginning at the cardia followed by the fundus, the body and the pylorus. [8] [9] The gastric cardia is where the contents of the esophagus empty from the gastroesophageal sphincter into the cardiac orifice, the opening into the gastric cardia.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: . Human anatomy is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.
The superior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups: Upper, on the stem of the artery; Lower, accompanying the descending branches of the artery along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum;
The superior gastric plexus (gastric or coronary plexus) accompanies the left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and joins with branches from the left vagus nerve. The term "inferior gastric plexus" is sometimes used to describe a continuation of the hepatic plexus .
The left gastric vein runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach. [2] It passes to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins. [2] It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa. It drains into the portal vein near the superior border of the pancreas. [2]
The gastroduodenal artery can be the source of a significant gastrointestinal bleed, which may arise as a complication of peptic ulcer disease.Because of its close relationship to the posteromedial wall of the second part of the duodenum, deeply penetrating ulcers or tumours of the duodenum may cause torrential bleeding from the gastroduodenal ‘artery of haemorrhage'. [1]