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The wagon-wheel effect (alternatively called stagecoach-wheel effect) is an optical illusion in which a spoked wheel appears to rotate differently from its true rotation. The wheel can appear to rotate more slowly than the true rotation, it can appear stationary, or it can appear to rotate in the opposite direction from the true rotation ...
The Spinning Dancer is a kinetic, bistable optical illusion resembling a pirouetting female dancer. The dancer can be seen to be spinning alternately one direction, or the other. In visual perception, the kinetic depth effect is the phenomenon whereby the three-dimensional structural form of an object can be perceived when the object is moving.
The widely accepted interpretation of, e.g. the Poggendorff and Hering illusions as manifestation of expansion of acute angles at line intersections, is an example of successful implementation of a "bottom-up," physiological explanation of a geometrical–optical illusion. Ponzo illusion in a purely schematic form and, below, with perspective clues
The Hering illusion (1861): When two straight and parallel lines are presented in front of radial background (like the spokes of a bicycle), the lines appear as if they were bowed outwards. Hollow-Face illusion: The Hollow-Face illusion is an optical illusion in which the perception of a concave mask of a face appears as a normal convex face.
Pinwheel formations in the primary visual cortex with singularities in the center. Each color represents an orientation column of a specific line phase. Adapted image from fMRI studies. [11] Using 2D optical techniques, pinwheel formations (also known as whorls) of orientation columns were discovered.
The head-down illusion involves a sudden linear deceleration (air braking, lowering flaps, decreasing engine power) during level flight where the pilot perceives the illusion that the nose of the aircraft is pitching down. The pilot's response to this illusion would be to pitch the nose of the aircraft up.
The ambiguity of direction of motion due to lack of visual references for depth is shown in the spinning dancer illusion. The spinning dancer appears to be moving clockwise or counterclockwise depending on spontaneous activity in the brain where perception is subjective. Recent studies show on the fMRI that there are spontaneous fluctuations in ...
Berthier's diagram: A-B=glass plate, with a-b=opaque lines, P=Picture, O=Eyes, c-n=blocked and allowed views (Le Cosmos 05-1896) In May 1896 Auguste Berthier published an article about the history of stereoscopic images in French scientific magazine Le Cosmos , which included his method of creating an autostereogram . [ 6 ]