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Human capital flight is the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training in their home country. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a " brain gain " whereas the net costs for the sending country are sometimes referred to as a " brain drain ". [ 1 ]
It was also suggested that the government should strengthen policies and programs which are aimed at actively managing human capital migration from Nigeria by interacting with foreign partners. In May 2018, Canada expressed interest in working together with Nigeria in order to assist the Nigerian government in curbing unchecked migration.
There has been debate whether outflow of high skilled labor mobility should be regarded positively or negatively. The core theoretical framework for studying human capital flows dates back to at least John Hicks (1932), who noted that "differences in net economic advantages, chiefly differences in wages, are the main causes of migration".
Reverse brain drain is a form of brain drain where human capital moves in reverse from a more developed country to a less developed country that is developing rapidly. These migrants may accumulate savings, also known as remittances, and develop skills overseas that can be used in their home country.
Human capital flight from Iran has been a significant phenomenon since the Islamic Revolution of 1979. [1] According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Iran had a substantial drain of highly skilled and educated individuals (15 percent) in the early 1990s. [ 2 ]
Historically, early human migration includes the peopling of the world, i.e. migration to world regions where there was previously no human habitation, during the Upper Paleolithic. Since the Neolithic , most migrations (except for the peopling of remote regions such as the Arctic or the Pacific ), were predominantly warlike, consisting of ...
The form of benefits in this triple-win discourse often take three forms: financial capital, human capital, and social capital. Circularity is the most beneficial whenever migrants move voluntary between locations in the pursuit of different interests, as well as when migrants have positive experiences while abroad, including financial and ...
Sending areas, too, have seen a variety of transformations with labour migration to the GCC region impacting upon gender, kin and other social relations. [205] [page needed] Newer sending regions have also emerged. In India, for example, migration to the Gulf was originally dominated by migrants from the south of the country, particularly Kerala.