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  2. The God that Failed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_God_that_Failed

    The God That Failed is a 1949 collection of six essays by Louis Fischer, André Gide, Arthur Koestler, Ignazio Silone, Stephen Spender, and Richard Wright. [1] The common theme of the essays is the authors' disillusionment with and abandonment of communism .

  3. Louis Fischer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fischer

    Louis Fischer (29 February 1896 – 15 January 1970) was an American journalist. Among his works were a contribution to the ex-communist treatise The God that Failed (1949), The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950), basis for the Academy Award-winning film Gandhi (1982), as well as a Life of Lenin, which won the 1965 National Book Award in History and Biography.

  4. The Act of Creation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Act_of_Creation

    Koestler's fundamental idea is that any creative act is a bisociation (not mere association) of two (or more) apparently incompatible frames of thought. [1] Employing a spatial metaphor, Koestler calls such frames of thought matrices: "any ability, habit, or skill, any pattern of ordered behaviour governed by a 'code' of fixed rules."

  5. Darkness at Noon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness_at_Noon

    Darkness at Noon (German: Sonnenfinsternis, lit. ' Solar eclipse ') is a novel by Austrian-Hungarian-born novelist Arthur Koestler, first published in 1940.His best known work, it is the tale of Rubashov, an Old Bolshevik who is arrested, imprisoned, and tried for treason against the government that he helped to create.

  6. Arthur Koestler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Koestler

    Arthur Koestler CBE (UK: / ˈ k ɜː s t l ər /, US: / ˈ k ɛ s t-/; German:; Hungarian: Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was an Austro-Hungarian-born author and journalist. Koestler was born in Budapest , and was educated in Austria, apart from his early school years.

  7. The Thirteenth Tribe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thirteenth_Tribe

    The Thirteenth Tribe is a 1976 book by Arthur Koestler [1] advocating the Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry, the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Judeans and Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people who allegedly mass-converted to Judaism. Koestler hypothesized that the Khazars after their ...

  8. André Gide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Gide

    Gide contributed to the 1949 anthology The God That Failed. He could not write an essay because of his state of health, so the text was written by Enid Starkie, based on paraphrases of Return from the USSR, Afterthoughts, from a discussion held in Paris at l'Union pour la Verite in 1935, and from his Journal; the text was approved by Gide. [22]

  9. Stephen Spender - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Spender

    After leaving the Communist Party, Spender wrote of his disillusionment with communism in the essay collection The God that Failed (1949), along with Arthur Koestler and others. [15] It is thought that one of the big areas of disappointment was the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, which many leftists saw as a ...