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Water ice clouds begin at a level where the pressure is about 2.5 bar and extend down to 9.5 bar, where temperatures range from 185 to 270 K. Intermixed in this layer is a band of ammonium hydrosulfide ice, lying in the pressure range 3–6 bar with temperatures of 190–235 K. Finally, the lower layers, where pressures are between 10 and 20 ...
Planetary habitability in the Solar System is the study that searches the possible existence of past or present extraterrestrial life in those celestial bodies. As exoplanets are too far away and can only be studied by indirect means, the celestial bodies in the Solar System allow for a much more detailed study: direct telescope observation, space probes, rovers and even human spaceflight.
The temperature, reaction rate ... [128] [129] They range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in size. ... Saturn has 146 confirmed satellites, ...
Liquid-water environments have been found to exist in the absence of atmospheric pressure and at temperatures outside the HZ temperature range. For example, Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus and Jupiter's moons Europa and Ganymede, all of which are outside the habitable zone, may hold large volumes of liquid water in subsurface oceans. [180]
[13] [14] Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), [14] but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) [15] due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. [5] [4] The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the ...
The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog [78] uses estimated surface temperature range to classify exoplanets: hypopsychroplanets – very cold (<−50 °C) psychroplanets – cold (<−50 to 0 °C) mesoplanets – medium temperature (0–50 °C; not to be confused with the other definition of mesoplanets) thermoplanets – hot (50–100 °C)
Saturn – sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although only one-eighth the average density of Earth, with its larger volume Saturn is just over 95 times more massive.
1 MK inside old neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and at gravital deuterium fusion range; 1–3–10 MK [clarification needed] above Sun ; 2.4 MK at T Tauri stars and gravital lithium-6 fusion range; 2.5 MK at red dwarfs and gravital protium fusion range; 10 MK at orange dwarfs and gravital helium-3 fusion range; 15.6 MK at Sun's core