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Export Credits Guarantee Department (1991, short term credit business) Girobank (1990) Humberside Airport (1999 – 82%) Kingston Communications (1999, 2007) Laboratory of the Government Chemist (1996) Liverpool Airport (1990, 2001) London Buses (1994, bus companies sold individually) – see main article Privatisation of London bus services
In some cases, privatization is a means of achieving gains in economic efficiency, given the extensive prevalence of poor economic performance of public enterprises in many countries and limited success with their reform. Privatization can also be a mechanism for improving the fiscal position, particularly in cases where governments have been ...
This type of privatization can include the demutualization of a mutual organization, cooperative, or public-private partnership in order to form a joint-stock company. [2] Separately, privatization can refer to the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private equity investors, which is more often called "going ...
[5] [6] A further 375 state-owned enterprises were founded in the same period, but 320 of them were placed for later re-privatization to Bengali owners, of which 211 had been privatized by 1978. [7] 1972 On March 26, 1972, the Government of Bangladesh formally took over all assets having belonged to (West) Pakistani citizens.
Privatisation of loss-making SOEs has long been on the IMF's list of recommendations for Pakistan, which is struggling with a high fiscal shortfall and a huge external financing gap.
After 1949, all business entities in the People's Republic of China were created and owned by the government. In the late 1980s, the government began to reform the state-owned enterprise, and during the 1990s and 2000s, many mid-sized and small sized state-owned enterprises were privatized and went public.
Privatization facilitated the transfer of significant wealth to a relatively small group of business oligarchs and New Russians, particularly natural gas and oil executives. [3] This economic transition has been described as katastroika , [ 4 ] which is a combination of catastrophe and the term perestroika , and as "the most cataclysmic ...
Pragmatic privatisation is highly technical and engages in solving problems. [4] This approach is privatisation is conditional upon the fact that public interests are preserved, therefore it is bereft of ideology. [30] Former Treasurer Wayne Swan believes that Labor's economic reforms were pragmatic and rational, in contrast to Thatcherism. [31]