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Resulting optical noise factor is F pnf = SNR pnf,in / SNR pnf,out = 2n sp (1-1/G)+1/G. F pnf is in conceptual conflict [9] [10] with the electrical noise factor, which is now called F e: Photocurrent I is proportional to optical power P. P is proportional to squares of a field amplitude (electric or magnetic). So, the receiver is nonlinear in ...
Download QR code; Print/export ... telecommunications engineering and other related engineering problems, coding gain is the measure in the difference between the ...
The Y-factor method is a common measurement technique for this purpose. [1] By using a noise diode, the output noise of an amplifier is measured using two input noise levels, and by measuring the output noise factor (referred to as Y) the noise figure of the amplifier can be determined without having to measure the amplifier gain.
where is the overall noise factor of the subsequent stages. According to the equation, the overall noise factor, F r e c e i v e r {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {receiver} }} , is dominated by the noise factor of the LNA, F L N A {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {LNA} }} , if the gain is sufficiently high.
In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source. If F is the noise factor numeric and 290 K ...
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
where f 0 is the output frequency, Q l is the loaded quality factor, f m is the offset from the output frequency (Hz), f c is the 1/f corner frequency, F is the noise factor of the amplifier, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is absolute temperature, and P s is the available power at the sustaining amplifier input. [3]
Transmission loss (TL) in duct acoustics describes the acoustic performances of a muffler-like system.It is frequently used in the industry areas such as muffler manufacturers and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) department of automobile manufacturers, and in academic studies.