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Inverted T wave is considered abnormal if inversion is deeper than 1.0 mm. Inverted T waves found in leads other than the V1 to V4 leads is associated with increased cardiac deaths. Inverted T waves associated with cardiac signs and symptoms (chest pain and cardiac murmur) are highly suggestive of myocardial ischaemia. [4]
The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.. In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°.
rS pattern (small r, deep S) in the inferior leads II, III, and aVF; Delayed intrinsicoid deflection in lead aVL (> 0.045 s) LAFB cannot be diagnosed when a prior inferior wall myocardial infarction (IMI) is evident on the ECG. IMI can also cause extreme left-axis deviation, but will manifest with Q-waves in the inferior leads II, III, and aVF.
The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles. It is generally upright in all leads except aVR and lead V1. Inverted T waves can be a sign of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, high intracranial pressure, or metabolic abnormalities. Peaked T waves can be a sign of hyperkalemia or very early myocardial infarction. 160 ms
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition affecting repolarization (relaxing) of the heart after a heartbeat, giving rise to an abnormally lengthy QT interval. [7] It results in an increased risk of an irregular heartbeat which can result in fainting, drowning, seizures, or sudden death. [1]
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for the ECG diagnosis of the ST segment elevation type of acute myocardial infarction require new ST elevation at J point of at least 1mm (0.1 mV) in two contiguous leads with the cut-points: ≥1 mm in all leads ...
Wellens' syndrome is an electrocardiographic manifestation of critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis in people with unstable angina. ...
R or S in limb leads ≥20 mm; S in V 1 or V 2 ≥30 mm; R in V 5 or V 6 ≥30 mm; 3 ST-T Abnormalities: ST-T vector opposite to QRS without digitalis; ST-T vector opposite to QRS with digitalis; 3 1 Negative terminal P mode in V 1 1 mm in depth and 0.04 sec in duration (indicates left atrial enlargement) 3 Left axis deviation (QRS of −30 ...