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Australia, a close neighbour of both Indonesia and East Timor, was the only country to recognise Indonesia's annexation of East Timor. [1] Some members of the Australian public supported self-determination for East Timor, [ 2 ] and also actively supported the independence movement within Australia. [ 2 ]
Australia and Indonesia have established diplomatic relations since 27 December 1949, [1] when Australia recognised Indonesia's independence. [2] [3] Historically, contact between Australians and Indonesians began as early as the 16th century prior to the arrival of the Europeans, through Makassan interactions with indigenous Australians on Australia's western and northern coasts.
The Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia ('1995 Agreement') was signed by Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans and Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas in Jakarta on December 18, 1995. [1] [12] The Agreement was the first bilateral security agreement signed by Indonesia.
Shortly after Indonesia's ratification of the agreement, Australia's Monash University revealed plans to open a campus in Indonesia, becoming the first foreign university to do so in Indonesia. [20] Indonesian economic observers remarked that the free trade agreement may lead to increased imports of agricultural products, primarily Australian ...
This was due at least in part to a fear that any such fighting would spread to the long and indefensible border between Indonesia and the Australian-administered Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Accordingly, several requests from the British government during 1963 and 1964 to deploy forces to Borneo were rejected. [3]
After 1966, Indonesia welcomed and maintained close relations with the international donor community, particularly the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan, through the meetings of the Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia (IGGI) and its successor, the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which coordinated substantial foreign ...
The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...
An era of Liberal Democracy (Indonesian: Demokrasi Liberal) in Indonesia began on August 17, 1950, following the dissolution of the federal United States of Indonesia less than a year after its formation, and ended with the imposition of martial law and President Sukarno's decree regarding the introduction of Guided Democracy on July 5, 1959.