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x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by complex software techniques, necessary to compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable performance.
The vast majority of Intel server chips of the Xeon E3, Xeon E5, and Xeon E7 product lines support VT-d. The first—and least powerful—Xeon to support VT-d was the E5502 launched Q1'09 with two cores at 1.86 GHz on a 45 nm process. [2] Many or most Xeons subsequent to this support VT-d.
In computing, BIOS (/ ˈ b aɪ ɒ s,-oʊ s /, BY-oss, -ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is a type of firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [1]
FreeBSD 6.3 and 7.0 released in 2008 added support for MSI and MSI-X. [17] OpenBSD 5.0 released in 2011 added support for MSI. [18] 6.0 added support for MSI-X. [19] Linux gained support for MSI and MSI-X around 2003. [20] Linux kernel versions before 2.6.20 are known to have serious bugs and limitations in their implementation of MSI/MSI-X. [21]
Comparison of the I/O memory management unit (IOMMU) to the memory management unit (MMU).. In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory.
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
Mode Based Execution Control (MBEC) is an extension to x86 SLAT implementations first available in Intel Kaby Lake and AMD Zen+ CPUs (known on the latter as Guest Mode Execute Trap or GMET). [10] The extension extends the execute bit in the extended page table (guest page table) into 2 bits - one for user execute, and one for supervisor execute.
[4] VT-d is inherently supported on these chipsets, but may not be enabled by individual OEMs. Always read the motherboard manual and check for BIOS updates. X38/X48 VT-d support is limited to certain Intel, Supermicro, DFI (LanParty) and Tyan boards. VT-d is broken or non existent on some boards until the BIOS is updated.