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In Belfast, the 1970s were a time of rising residential segregation. [14] It was estimated in 2004 that 92.5% of public housing in Northern Ireland was divided along religious lines, with the figure rising to 98% in Belfast. [1] Self-segregation is a continuing process, despite the Northern Ireland peace process.
Three-quarters of Belfast's estimated 97 peace lines and related structures (such as gates and closed roads) are in the north and west of the city. [4] These are also the poorer and more disadvantaged areas of Belfast. 67% of deaths during the sectarian violence occurred within 500 metres (550 yd) of one of these "interface structures". [5]
The Northern Ireland civil rights movement dates to the early 1960s, when a number of initiatives emerged in Northern Ireland which challenged the inequality and discrimination against ethnic Irish Catholics that was perpetrated by the Ulster Protestant establishment (composed largely of Protestant Ulster loyalists and unionists).
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dedicated to anti-imperialism through Irish republicanism, the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic free from British colonial rule. [1]
As of 2017, Belfast is Northern Ireland's educational and commercial hub. [citation needed] As of 2007, it was in the top five fastest growing regional economies in the UK. [21] In February 2006, Belfast's unemployment rate stood at 4.2%, lower than both the Northern Ireland [22] and the UK average of 5.5%.
The Health (Family Planning) Act 1979 allowed the sale of contraceptives in Ireland, upon presentation of a prescription. A setback for second-wave feminism in Ireland occurred in 1983, when the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, which recognized "the unborn" as having a right to life equal to that of "the mother". [23]
Black people in Ireland, also known as Black Irish, [1] Black and Irish [3] or in Irish: Daoine Goirme/Daoine Dubha, [4] are a multi-ethnic group of Irish people of African descent. Black people, Africans and people of African descent have lived in Ireland in small numbers since the 18th century.
Criminology professor Ian O'Donnell wrote in 2016 that murderers with commuted death sentences "were released after periods of time that would be considered absurdly short today". [78] In the years 1946–62, 82 murders produced 73 arrests; of these 34 were unfit to plead because of insanity, 7 found guilty but insane , and 18 found guilty and ...