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[159] [160] Sarah B. Pomeroy says "never did Roman society encourage women to engage in the same activities as men of the same social class." [ 161 ] Art historian Janet Tulloch has observed that "Unlike the early Christian literary tradition, in which women are largely invisible, misrepresented, or omitted entirely, female figures in early ...
Criticism of religion involves criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion. [1] Historical records of criticism of religion go back to at least 5th century BCE in ancient Greece, in Athens specifically, with Diagoras "the Atheist" of Melos. In ancient Rome, an early known example is Lucretius' De rerum natura from the 1st century BCE.
Anti-Christian sentiment, also referred to as Christophobia or Christianophobia, is the fear, hatred, discrimination, or prejudice against Christians and aspects of the Christian religion's practices.
A popular example was the misconception that people from the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat, and that only science, freed from religious dogma, had shown that it was spherical. This thesis was a popular historiographical approach during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but most contemporary historians of science now reject it.
Recurring cultural, political, and theological rejection of evolution by religious groups [a] exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. In accordance with creationism, species were once widely believed to be fixed products of divine creation, but since the mid-19th century, evolution by natural selection has been established by the scientific community as an ...
Postmodern religion is not an attempt to banish religion from the public sphere; rather, it is a philosophical approach to religion that critically considers orthodox assumptions (that may reflect power differences in society rather than universal truths). [8] Postmodern religious systems of thought view realities as plural, subjective, and ...
Early anti religious tendencies were expressed by skeptics such as Christopher Marlowe. [5] Significant antireligion was advanced during the Age of Enlightenment , as early as the 17th century. Baron d'Holbach 's book Christianity Unveiled published in 1766, attacked not only Christianity but religion in general as an impediment to the moral ...
Marx believed that people turn to religion in order to dull the pain caused by the reality of social situations; that is, Marx suggests religion is an attempt at transcending the material state of affairs in a society—the pain of class oppression—by effectively creating a dream world, rendering the religious believer amenable to social ...