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Paul was not one of the Twelve Apostles, and did not know Jesus during his lifetime. According to the Acts, Paul lived as a Pharisee and participated in the persecution of early disciples of Jesus, possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Christianity, [12] in the area of Jerusalem, before his conversion.
The Jerusalem apostles summoned a meeting of the missionaries to settle the dispute; on the way there, Barnabas and Paul became spokesmen for the Gentile Christian churches (Acts 15:1-3). [40] The so-called Apostles' Council (also known as the Apostles' Convention) was a decisive turning point in the history of early Christianity.
Paul was from a devout Jewish family based in the city of Tarsus, [33] one of the largest trade centers on the Mediterranean coast. [34] It had been in existence several hundred years prior to his birth. It was renowned for its university. During the time of Alexander the Great, who died in 323 BC, Tarsus was the most influential city in Asia ...
Maria Goretti, 1902, died defending herself from being raped; Karolina Kózka, 1914; Armenian Martyrs, 1915-1923 [80] Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, 1918; Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family, 1918; Nun Barbara (Yakovleva), 1918; James Coyle, 1921; Gregory of Cydonia, 1922; Manuel Gómez González, 1924; Adílio Daronch, 1924
The Encyclopædia Britannica relates that "James the Lord's brother was a Christian apostle, according to St. Paul, although not one of the original Twelve Apostles." [1] According to Protestant theologian Philip Schaff, James seems to have taken the place of James the son of Zebedee, after his martyrdom, around 44 AD. [19]
This account of persecution is part of a general theme of anti-Christian persecution by both Romans and Jews, one that starts with the Pharisee rejection of Jesus's ministry, the cleansing of the Temple, and continues on with his trial before the High Priest, his crucifixion, and the Pharisees' refusal to accept him as the Jewish messiah.
Pope Benedict XVI, The Apostles. Full title is The Origins of the Church – The Apostles and Their Co-Workers. published 2007, in the US: ISBN 978-1-59276-405-1; different edition published in the UK under the title: Christ and His Church – Seeing the face of Jesus in the Church of the Apostles, ISBN 978-1-86082-441-8. Carson, D.A.
Armenian icon of the Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, 13th century by the Armenian manuscript illuminator Toros Roslin. John the Apostle was born into a family of Jewish fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. He was the son of Zebedee and the younger brother of James the Great. According to church tradition, their mother was Salome.