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The Political Constitution of 1899 (Spanish: Constitución Política de 1899), informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno .
These were the first elections for a national legislature in the Philippines. The Spanish colonial government held elections in 1895 across the Philippines but for local municipal officers only. In this election, many parts of the Visayas and Mindanao did not elect representatives and their representatives had to be appointed.
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines.Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987.
Due to the transfer of the Philippine Government to Washington, D.C. in 1942, and the three-year occupation (1942–1945) of the Philippines by Japanese forces, the First Congress could not be convened. In its place, the Japanese formed a puppet National Assembly that passed laws dictated by the Japanese Imperial Government in Tokyo.
The constitution written by the Malolos Congress was proclaimed on January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. [27] [22] The constitution was approved by delegates to the Malolos Congress on January 20, 1899, and sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day. [27]
Under the act, the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines was written and the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, with the first directly elected President of the Philippines. (Direct elections to the Philippine Legislature had been held since 1907.) It also established limitations on Filipino immigration to the United States.
The 1st National Assembly of the Philippines (Filipino: Unang Asambleyang Pambansa ng Pilipinas) was the meeting of the legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from November 25, 1935 until August 15, 1938, during the first three years of Manuel L. Quezon's presidency.
The Tydings–McDuffie Act of the United States Government detailed the steps required for the Philippines to become independent of the United States. A previous act, the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, had been rejected by the Philippine Congress. The constitution was approved by 96% of voters, and was replaced by the 1973 Constitution of the ...