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Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a collection of Sanskrit sutras on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
This terse definition hinges on the meaning of three Sanskrit terms. I. K. Taimni translates it as "Yoga is the inhibition (nirodhaḥ) of the modifications (vṛtti) of the mind (citta)". [3] Swami Vivekananda translates the sutra as "Yoga is restraining (nirodhah) the mind-stuff (citta) from taking various forms (vrittis)."
Patanjali (Sanskrit: पतञ्जलि, IAST: Patañjali, Sanskrit pronunciation: [pɐtɐɲdʑɐli]; also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra) [a] was an author, mystic and philosopher in ancient India. He is believed to be an author and compiler of a number of Sanskrit works. [3] The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text.
Pratyahara [1] [2] (Sanskrit: प्रत्याहार, romanized: Pratyāhāra) or the 'gathering towards' is the fifth element among the Eight stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga, [3] as mentioned in his classical work, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali composed in the 2nd century BCE. [4]
Mahabhashya (Sanskrit: महाभाष्य, IAST: Mahābhāṣya, IPA: [mɐɦaːbʱaːʂjɐ], "Great Commentary"), attributed to Patañjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar from Pāṇini's treatise, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, as well as Kātyāyana's Vārttika-sūtra, an elaboration of Pāṇini's grammar.
Pranayama (Sanskrit: प्राणायाम, "Prāṇāyāma") is the yogic practice of focusing on breath. In yoga, the breath is associated with prana, thus, pranayama is a means to elevate the prana-shakti, or life energies. Pranayama is described in Hindu texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.
According to Dasgupta – a scholar of Sanskrit and philosophy, the term yoga can be derived from either of two roots, yujir yoga (to yoke) or yuj samādhau (to concentrate). [16] Yogatattva is compound word of "Yoga" and 'tattva', the latter meaning "Truth", [9] or "Reality, That-ness". [17]
Shloka or śloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka, from the root श्रु śru, lit. ' hear ' [1] [2] in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; [3] but in particular it refers to the 32-syllable verse, derived from the Vedic anuṣṭubh metre, used in the Bhagavad Gita and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.