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In 2006, a Czech research team [66] discovered women with high levels of toxoplasmosis antibodies were significantly more likely to give birth to baby boys than baby girls. In most populations, the birth rate is around 51% boys, but people infected with T. gondii had up to a 72% chance of a boy.
Obstructed labor is more common in humans than any other species and continues to be a main cause of birth complications today. [12] Modern humans have morphologically evolved to survive as bipeds, however, bipedalism has resulted in skeletal changes that have consequently narrowed the pelvis and the birth canal. [13]
The obstetrical dilemma is a hypothesis to explain why humans often require assistance from other humans during childbirth to avoid complications, whereas most non-human primates give birth unassisted with relatively little difficulty. This occurs due to the tight fit of the fetal head to the maternal birth canal, which is additionally ...
These nations have a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 6–20/100,000. Poorer nations with high birth rates can have an MMR more than 100 times higher. [2] In Africa, India & South East Asia, as well as Latin America, these complications of parturition may still be as prevalent as they have been throughout human history.
Superfetation (also spelled superfoetation – see fetus) is the simultaneous occurrence of more than one stage of developing offspring in the same animal. [1] [2] [3]In mammals, it manifests as the formation of an embryo from a subsequent menstrual cycle, while another embryo or fetus is already present in the uterus.
Preterm birth is the birth of an infant at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age. Globally, about 15 million infants were born before 37 weeks of gestation. [152] Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age though many that survive experience disabilities including learning defects and visual and hearing ...
Cats with the homozygous genotype (MM) die before birth, and stillborn kittens show gross abnormalities of the central nervous system. [3] Cats with the heterozygous genotype (Mm) show severely shortened tail length, ranging from taillessness to a partial, stumpy tail. [3] Some Manx cats die before 12 months old and exhibit skeletal and organ ...
Obstetric fistula is a medical condition in which a hole develops in the birth canal as a result of childbirth. [1] [2] This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder. [1] [4] It can result in incontinence of urine or feces. [1] Complications may include depression, infertility, and social isolation. [1]