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The exact term "Holy Roman Empire" was not used until the 13th century, before which the empire was referred to variously as universum regnum ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), imperium christianum ("Christian empire"), or Romanum imperium ("Roman empire"), [29] but the Emperor's legitimacy always rested on the concept ...
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
Prince of the Empire: any ruling Prince whose territory is a member of the Holy Roman Empire (not only German-speaking countries, but also many bordering and extensive neighbouring regions) and entitled to a voting seat (or in a collective voting unit, such as a Grafenbank) in the Imperial Diet.
Holy Roman Empire in Germany. Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –; Rupert, King (1400–1410); Jobst of Moravia, contested King (1410–1411)
Personal union with the Archduchy of Austria, 1437–1439, 1444–1457, and 1526–1806. Personal union with the Holy Roman Empire, 1410–1439, 1556–1608, 1612–1740 and 1780–1806. Real union with Austria, 1867–1918 (the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary) under the reigns of Franz Joseph and Charles IV.
The Holy Roman Empire was a limited elective monarchy composed of hundreds of state-like entities. In the Dutch–Hanseatic War (1438–1441), a privateer war mostly waged by Wendish towns, the merchants of Amsterdam sought and eventually won free access to the Baltic. Although the blockade of the grain trade hurt Holland and Zeeland more than ...
Holy Roman Empire in Germany. Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) – Albert I, King (1298–1308) Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1312–1313), King (1308–1313) Frederick the Fair, King (1314–1330) Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1328–1347), King (1314–1347) Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1355–1378 ...
The Empire itself was abolished the next year on 6 August 1806. The Congress of Vienna following Napoleon's defeat did not bring back the Holy Roman Empire nor the Kingdom of Italy, [35] [36] and the restored Italian duchies now became fully sovereign in their own right.