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Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota .
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a common bacterium in the human gut microbiome that has evolved alongside humans to support digestion and general health. Over time, this bacterium developed the ability to break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which helps the host species get more energy from the food it eats.
B. fragilis is an aerotolerant, anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of fermenting a wide variety of glycans available in the human gut microenvironment including glucose, sucrose, and fructose. B. fragilis can also catabolize a variety of biopolymers, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins into smaller molecules which can then be used and further ...
The bacteria and fungi live together in the gut and there is most likely a competition for nutrient sources present. [99] [100] Seelbinder et al. found that commensal bacteria in the gut regulate the growth and pathogenicity of Candida albicans by their metabolites, particularly by propionate, acetic acid and 5-dodecenoate. [98]
The temperature and pH of saliva makes it conducive for bacteria to survive in the oral cavity. Bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus. [15] S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut ...
A recent report found temperature plays a major role in the amount of time the bacteria will persist in the environment, the life span increases with colder temperatures (0–4 °C). [23] "A new study has found that there is a three-way relationship between a type of gut bacteria, cortisol, and brain metabolites.
A significant quantity of the cellulose humans consume is not metabolized by gut microbes and therefore cannot be considered a MAC. [2] The amount of dietary MACs found within a food source will differ for each individual, since which carbohydrates are metabolized depends upon the composition of each person's microbiota.
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce.Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics.