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Population structure (also called genetic structure and population stratification) is the presence of a systematic difference in allele frequencies between subpopulations. In a randomly mating (or panmictic ) population, allele frequencies are expected to be roughly similar between groups.
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure.
The fixation index (F ST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. Developed as a special case of Wright's F-statistics, it is one of the most commonly used statistics in population genetics ...
A population is defined as a group of interacting organisms of the same species. A demographic structure of a population is how populations are often quantified. The total number of individuals in a population is defined as a population size, and how dense these individuals are is defined as population density.
One can modify this definition and consider a grouping per sub-population instead of per individual. Population geneticists have used that idea to measure the degree of structure in a population. Unfortunately, there is a large number of definitions for , causing some confusion in the scientific literature. A common definition is the following:
Population structure may refer to many aspectsof population ecology: Population structure (genetics), also called population stratification; Population pyramid;
In ecology, a population is a group of organisms of the same species which inhabit the same geographical area and are capable of interbreeding. [2] [3] The area of a sexual population is the area where interbreeding is possible between any opposite-sex pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas.
The term population biology has been used with different meanings. In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. [1] Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. [2]