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Population structure (also called genetic structure and population stratification) is the presence of a systematic difference in allele frequencies between subpopulations. In a randomly mating (or panmictic ) population, allele frequencies are expected to be roughly similar between groups.
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation , speciation , and population structure .
Genetic structure refers to any pattern in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. [ 1 ] Genetic structure allows for information about an individual to be inferred from other members of the same population.
The effective population size (N e) is the size of an idealised population that would experience the same rate of genetic drift as the real population. [1] Idealised populations are those following simple one- locus models that comply with assumptions of the neutral theory of molecular evolution .
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation , speciation , and population structure .
Evolutionary biologists and population geneticists have been exploring varying theories and models for explaining population structure. Yoichi Ishida compares two important theories of isolation by distance and clarifies the relationship between the two. [ 3 ]
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
Population genomics is the large-scale comparison of DNA sequences of populations. Population genomics is a neologism that is associated with population genetics. Population genomics studies genome-wide effects to improve our understanding of microevolution so that we may learn the phylogenetic history and demography of a population. [1]