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As of HTML5 the recommended charset is UTF-8. [3] An "encoding sniffing algorithm" is defined in the specification to determine the character encoding of the document based on multiple sources of input, including: Explicit user instruction; An explicit meta tag within the first 1024 bytes of the document
The meta element has two uses: either to emulate the use of an HTTP response header field, or to embed additional metadata within the HTML document. With HTML up to and including HTML 4.01 and XHTML, there were four valid attributes: content, http-equiv, name and scheme. Under HTML 5, charset has been added and scheme has been removed.
Web pages authored using HyperText Markup Language may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the "document character set", which defines the set of characters that may be present in an HTML document and assigns numbers to them, and the "external character encoding", or "charset ...
A common media type parameter is charset, specifying the character set of the media type, where the value is from the IANA list of character set names. [6] If one is not specified, the media type of the data URI is assumed to be text/plain;charset=US-ASCII. An optional base64 extension base64, separated from the preceding part by a semicolon.
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
UTF-8 is also the recommendation from the WHATWG for HTML and DOM specifications, and stating "UTF-8 encoding is the most appropriate encoding for interchange of Unicode" [4] and the Internet Mail Consortium recommends that all e‑mail programs be able to display and create mail using UTF-8.
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8: Permanent RFC 9110: Date: The date and time that the message was sent (in "HTTP-date" format as defined by RFC 9110) Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT: Permanent RFC 9110: Delta-Base: Specifies the delta-encoding entity tag of the response. [11] Delta-Base: "abc" Permanent RFC 3229: ETag
The < meta charset = "UTF-8" > tag is technically redundant when coming directly from a web server configured to send the character encoding in an HTTP header, though it becomes useful when the HTML response is saved in an .html file, cache, or web archive. [10]