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Surface mining pit Anglogold Ashanti Iduapreim Ghana. Ghana is one of the largest gold producers in Africa, and it ranks as the sixth-largest producer globally. [5] Gold has been central to the country's economy for decades. In 2023, Ghana produced around 4.2 million ounces of gold, contributing to approximately 4% of the world’s total output.
Significant diamond deposits are found in river gravels in the central and eastern part of Ghana, although the country does not have kimberlite pipes where diamonds formed in the geologic past. Awaso, in southwest Ghana hosts a bauxite mine run by the Ghana Bauxite Company. The bauxite formed from the weathering of Paleoproterozoic phyllite.
Ghana has produced gems from alluvial gravels since the 1920s, mostly industrial grade. In the early 1990s the government announced plans to privatize its diamond-mining operations but found no buyers. The government still owns Ghana Consolidated Diamonds, since 2005 the only formal commercial producer of diamonds. [16]
The history of bauxite mining in Ghana dates back to the early 20th century.Bauxite was first discovered in the country in 1921 at Awaso, in the Western North Region.The first operations began in the 1940s, with the Ghana Bauxite Company (GBC) managing the extraction and export of bauxite since then.
There is a long history of mining in the area, with mining from the Ashanti region providing the gold for which the Gold Coast got its name. Large scale commercial and industrial mining began at Obuasi in 1897 with the formation of Ashanti Goldfields Corporation. [6] In 2004, Ashanti Goldfields merged with AngloGold to form AngloGold Ashanti.
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Most rivers draining the Birimian rocks hold alluvial gold deposits. They are overlaid in places by quartz-pebble conglomerates within the Tarkwaian System, name after Tarkwa, the second largest source of gold in Ghana. [3] However, recent research indicates that the gold found in the Tarkwaian rocks is not derived from the Birimian terranes. [4]
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