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Denison described artifacts as the tangible aspects of culture shared by members of an organization. Verbal, behavioral and physical artifacts are the surface manifestations of organizational culture. [82] Technology and art exhibited by members of an organization are examples of physical artifacts.
The halo effect refers to the tendency of evaluating an individual positively on many traits because of a shared belief. [ 12 ] It is a type of immediate judgment discrepancy, or cognitive bias , in which a person making an initial assessment of another person, place, or thing will assume ambiguous information based upon concrete information.
The physical attractiveness stereotype was first formally observed in a study done by Karen Dion, Ellen Berscheid, and Elaine Walster in 1972. [1] The goal of this study was to determine whether physical attractiveness affected how individuals were perceived, specifically whether they were perceived to have more socially desirable personality traits and quality of life.
Here are the key traits that all great bosses demonstrate, setting them apart and making them effective leaders. Empathy — Great bosses understand that their employees are individuals with ...
Features are the "bells and whistles" of products and services, those characteristics that supplement their basic functioning. Examples include free drinks on a plane, permanent-press cycles on a washing machine, and automatic tuners on a color television set.
The company should develop a strategic advantage over their competitors. The final aspect of the microenvironment is public, which is any group that has an interest in or effect on the organization's ability to meet its goals. For example, financial public can hinder a company's ability to obtain funds affecting the level of credit a company has.
Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either.
Examples of authoritarian leadership include a police officer directing traffic, a teacher ordering a student to do their assignment, and a supervisor instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a distinct set of characteristics that give the leader the position to get things in order or to get a point across.