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The spin magnetic moment of a charged, spin-1/2 particle that does not possess any internal structure (a Dirac particle) is given by [1] =, where μ is the spin magnetic moment of the particle, g is the g-factor of the particle, e is the elementary charge, m is the mass of the particle, and S is the spin angular momentum of the particle (with magnitude ħ/2 for Dirac particles).
In atomic physics, the Landé g-factor is a multiplicative term appearing in the expression for the energy levels of an atom in a weak magnetic field. The quantum states of electrons in atomic orbitals are normally degenerate in energy, with these degenerate states all sharing the same angular momentum. When the atom is placed in a weak ...
The g-factor is a dimensionless factor associated to the nuclear magnetic moment. This parameter contains the sign of the nuclear magnetic moment, which is very important in nuclear structure since it provides information about which type of nucleon (proton or neutron) is dominating over the nuclear wave function.
Proposed Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model one-loop corrections to the muon g−2 involving particles beyond the standard model: a neutralino and a smuon, and a chargino and a muon sneutrino respectively. The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is calculated in a similar way to the electron.
The convention defining the g-factor for composite particles, such as the neutron or proton, is =, where μ is the intrinsic magnetic moment, I is the spin angular momentum, and g is the effective g-factor. [34] While the g-factor is dimensionless, for composite particles it is defined relative to the nuclear magneton.
Symbol Name Meaning SI unit of measure alpha: alpha particle: angular acceleration: radian per second squared (rad/s 2) fine-structure constant: unitless beta: velocity in terms of the speed of light c: unitless beta particle: gamma: Lorentz factor: unitless photon: gamma ray: shear strain: radian
Since a gyromagnetic factor equal to 2 follows from Dirac's equation, it is a frequent misconception to think that a g-factor 2 is a consequence of relativity; it is not. The factor 2 can be obtained from the linearization of both the Schrödinger equation and the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation (which leads to Dirac's).
Pauli's equation is derived by requiring minimal coupling, which provides a g-factor g=2. Most elementary particles have anomalous g -factors, different from 2. In the domain of relativistic quantum field theory , one defines a non-minimal coupling, sometimes called Pauli coupling, in order to add an anomalous factor