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Diacritical marks of two dots ¨, placed side-by-side over or under a letter, are used in several languages for several different purposes. The most familiar to English-language speakers are the diaeresis and the umlaut , though there are numerous others.
Ü (lowercase ü) is a Latin script character composed of the letter U and the diaeresis diacritical mark. In some alphabets such as those of a number of Romance languages or Guarani it denotes an instance of regular U to be construed in isolation from adjacent characters with which it would usually form a larger unit; other alphabets like the Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian and ...
J with three dots above/diaeresis and dot above: Book Pahlavi transliteration J̊ j̊: J with ring above: Old High German: J̋ j̋: J with double acute: J̌ ǰ: J with caron: Wakhi, Uralic linguistics J̌́ ǰ́: J with caron and acute: Uralic linguistics J̑ j̑: J with inverted breve: Glagolitic transliteration J̓ j̓: J with comma above: J ...
In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots. The origin of the letter ö was a similar ligature for the digraph OE: e was written above o and degenerated into two small dots. [citation needed] In some inscriptions and display typefaces, ö may be represented as an o with a small letter e inside.
Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases.
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
two dots: two overdots ( ̈) are used for umlaut, diaeresis and others; (for example ö) two underdots ( ̤) are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the ALA-LC romanization system ː – triangular colon, used in the IPA to mark long vowels (the "dots" are triangular, not circular). curves ̆ – breve; for example ŏ