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A clincher bicycle tire mounted on a wheel A cross section of a clincher tire with a puncture-preventing layer (in blue) between the casing and the tread An inner tube rolled up for storage or to be carried as a spare. A bicycle tire is a tire that fits on the wheel of a bicycle or similar vehicle.
Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. It is mainly caused by non-elastic effects; that is, not all the energy needed for deformation (or movement) of the wheel, roadbed, etc., is recovered when the pressure is removed.
Bike tire contact patch during a right-hand turn. Pneumatic trail or trail of the tire is a trail-like effect generated by compliant tires rolling on a hard surface and subject to side loads, as in a turn. More technically, it is the distance that the resultant force of side-slip occurs behind the geometric center of the contact patch.
Low rolling resistance tires are designed to reduce the energy loss as a tire rolls, decreasing the required rolling effort — and in the case of automotive applications, improving vehicle fuel efficiency as approximately 5–15% of the fuel consumed by a typical gas car may be used to overcome rolling resistance.
Camber stiffness is a parameter used to describe the camber thrust generated by a tire, and it is influenced by inflation pressure and normal load. [3] The net camber thrust is usually in front of the center of the wheel and so generates a camber torque, twisting torque, or twisting moment. [3]
Hence, For bicycles (and less so for motorcycles) the total rolling resistance increases with increasing tire cross-section diameter. Rolling resistance measurements made on bicycle tires using test equipment not taking into account natural lateral/precessing motion do not accurately measure the rolling resistance of bicycle tires. [1]
The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) exists to specify and harmonise sizes of rims and their associated pneumatic tyres across the European Union.ETRTO sizes apply to rims and tyres for vehicles of all types, including bicycles.
Plot showing lateral force building up as a bicycle tire rolls forward at a 2.4º slip angle. The results from three separate test runs are superimposed. Relaxation length is a property of pneumatic tires that describes the delay between when a slip angle is introduced and when the cornering force reaches its steady-state value. [1]