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Speech impairments can seriously limit the manner in which an individual interacts with others in work, school, social, and even home environments. Inability to correctly form speech sounds might create stress, embarrassment, and frustration in both the speaker and the listener.
Cluttering is a speech and communication disorder that has also been described as a fluency disorder. [1]It is defined as: Cluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by a rate that is perceived to be abnormally rapid, irregular, or both for the speaker (although measured syllable rates may not exceed normal limits).
A disfluence or nonfluence is a non-pathological hesitance when speaking, the use of fillers (“like” or “uh”), or the repetition of a word or phrase. This needs to be distinguished from a fluency disorder like stuttering with an interruption of fluency of speech, accompanied by "excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerism".
Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5] Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result is susceptible to impairments. A person who has a stroke, an accident or birth defect may have speech and language problems. [6]
Symptoms of aphasia vary widely but generally are defined by language deficits that affect fluency, the ability to talk, reading, writing, and comprehension. [ 19 ] [ 12 ] There are many types of aphasia that vary in symptoms depending upon where in the language center of the brain the damage occurred. [ 12 ]
Palilalia is defined as the repetition of the speaker's words or phrases, often for a varying number of repeats. Repeated units are generally whole sections of words and are larger than a syllable, with words being repeated the most often, followed by phrases, and then syllables or sounds.
Stuttering or cluttering speech; Repeating words or phrases; Tendency to be concrete or prefer facts to stories; Difficulties with: Pronouns or pronoun reversal; Understanding questions; Understanding choices and making decisions; Following conversations or stories (conversations are "off-topic" or "one-sided")
The demonstration of deficits in producing and understanding emotional information in modalities other than speech prosody (e.g. facial and gestural) in individuals with Parkinson's disease, as well as in individuals with other disorders affecting basal ganglia circuitry, are providing increasing evidence for an additional non-motorically based ...