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A Sudoku starts with some cells containing numbers (clues), and the goal is to solve the remaining cells. Proper Sudokus have one solution. [1] Players and investigators use a wide range of computer algorithms to solve Sudokus, study their properties, and make new puzzles, including Sudokus with interesting symmetries and other properties.
The Dancing Links algorithm solving a polycube puzzle In computer science , dancing links ( DLX ) is a technique for adding and deleting a node from a circular doubly linked list . It is particularly useful for efficiently implementing backtracking algorithms, such as Knuth's Algorithm X for the exact cover problem . [ 1 ]
Backtracking is an important tool for solving constraint satisfaction problems, [2] such as crosswords, verbal arithmetic, Sudoku, and many other puzzles. It is often the most convenient technique for parsing , [ 3 ] for the knapsack problem and other combinatorial optimization problems.
There are many Sudoku variants, partially characterized by size (N), and the shape of their regions. Unless noted, discussion in this article assumes classic Sudoku, i.e. N=9 (a 9×9 grid and 3×3 regions). A rectangular Sudoku uses rectangular regions of row-column dimension R×C.
The primary difference between a computer algebra system and a traditional calculator is the ability to deal with equations symbolically rather than numerically. The precise uses and capabilities of these systems differ greatly from one system to another, yet their purpose remains the same: manipulation of symbolic equations .
One Sudoku code can be seen as 72.5 bits of information and 184.3 bits redundancy. Theoretically a string of 72 bits can be mapped to one sudoku that is sent over the channel as a string of 81 symbols. However, there is no linear function that maps a string to a sudoku code. A suggested encoding approach by Sayir [5] is as follows:
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF ... move to sidebar hide. Help. Pages in category "Sudoku solvers" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 ...
Knuth showed that Algorithm X can be implemented efficiently on a computer using dancing links in a process Knuth calls "DLX". DLX uses the matrix representation of the exact cover problem, implemented as doubly linked lists of the 1s of the matrix: each 1 element has a link to the next 1 above, below, to the left, and to the right of itself.