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Oxidation response is stimulated by a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, known as oxidative stress. Active species of oxygen naturally occur in aerobic cells and have both intracellular and extracellular sources.
Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1]
Townsend's research has combined advanced proteomics and drug metabolism with biochemistry to identify molecular targets affected by oxidative and nitrosative stress. Her lab has focused on understanding the events leading to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, specifically examining stress-induced impacts on proteins involved in ...
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. [2] The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to ...
Hydrogen peroxide can accumulate in hair follicles and if catalase levels decline, this buildup can cause oxidative stress and graying. [54] These low levels of catalase are associated with old age. Hydrogen peroxide interferes with the production of melanin , the pigment that gives hair its color.
Study of a rat model of premature aging found increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and substantially greater DNA damage in the brain neocortex and hippocampus of the prematurely aged rats than in normally aging control rats. [52] The DNA damage 8-OHdG is a product of ROS interaction with DNA.
Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals. [ 4 ] Strictly speaking, the free radical theory is only concerned with free radicals such as superoxide ( O 2 − ), but it has since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species (ROS ...
Use of MDA analysis and/or the TBA test and interpretation of sample MDA content and TBA test response in studies of lipid peroxidation require caution, discretion, and (especially in biological systems) correlative data from other indices of fatty peroxide formation and decomposition. [5]