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Intestinal stem cell aging has been studied in Drosophila as a model for understanding the biology of stem cell/niche aging. [4] Using knockdown mutants defective in various genes that function in the DNA damage response in enterocytes, it was shown that deficiency in the DNA damage response accelerates intestinal stem cell aging, thus ...
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as local messengers, or transmit them to the enteric nervous system to activate nervous responses.
Absorptive cells in the small intestine are known as enterocytes, and in the colon they are known as colonocytes. The other cell types are the secretory cells – goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Tuft cells. Paneth cells are absent in the colon. [1] [2]
These stem cells can differentiate into either an absorptive (enterocytes) or secretory (Goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells) lineages. [3] Both Wnt and Notch signaling pathways play a large role in regulating cell proliferation and in intestinal morphogenesis and homeostasis. [4]
Overexpression causes differentiation of immature intestinal epithelia to enteroendocrine cells. Conditional deletion alters enterocyte and enteroendocrine gene expression: 11408276; [54] 19808654 [55] PPARD: PPAR-δ/β: Involves in Paneth cell maturation by modulating IHH expression: 16890607 [56] PTK6: BRK
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (also known as Kulchitsky cells) are a type of enteroendocrine cell, and neuroendocrine cell. They reside alongside the epithelium lining the lumen of the digestive tract and play a crucial role in gastrointestinal regulation, particularly intestinal motility and secretion. [ 1 ]
Paneth cells are cells in the small intestine epithelium, alongside goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells. [1] Some can also be found in the cecum and appendix . They are located below the intestinal stem cells in the intestinal glands (also called crypts of Lieberkühn ) and the large eosinophilic refractile granules that occupy ...
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell. [1]