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Waffle slab foundations adhere to International Building Code requirements. By 2008, most states put into effect the changes adopted in the 2006 IBC and, in regards to foundations, the on-grade mat foundation has become a more attractive design because, as an engineered system, it already accommodates the 2008 design recommendations, and required no major modifications to bring it into compliance.
Historic treatment of rail ties in the Houston, Texas Fifth Ward and Kashmere Gardens neighborhoods has exposed residents to cancer-causing soil contamination. [1] Creosote and its extenders were used in wood preservation processes at a nearby rail yard and have been identified as carcinogens that are hazardous to human health.
Sustainable landscape design features, such as tree preservation and minimum rootable soil volumes for new tree planting, use of structural soils, suspended paving systems, bioretention and biofiltration strategies and requiring the use of the holistic practices of Bay-Friendly Landscaping.
For example, functional slope design considers the critical slip surface to be the location where that has the lowest value of factor of safety from a range of possible surfaces. A wide variety of slope stability software use the limit equilibrium concept with automatic critical slip surface determination.
The deep soil mixing columns are typically 0.6 to 2.4 m in diameter and depths of up to 50m can be reached depending on the nature of the ground conditions and the technique employed. [1] Steel reinforcement can be inserted into fresh soil-mix to increase bending resistance of deep soil mixing columns used for excavation control. [2]
Constructed wetland systems are highly controlled environments that intend to mimic the occurrences of soil, flora, and microorganisms in natural wetlands to aid in treating wastewater. They are constructed with flow regimes, micro-biotic composition, and suitable plants in order to produce the most efficient treatment process.
Recently completed infiltration basin for stormwater collection. An infiltration basin (or recharge basin) is a form of engineered sump [1] or percolation pond [2] that is used to manage stormwater runoff, prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay.
Design for energy efficiency: The design of products to reduce overall energy consumption throughout the product's life. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is employed to forecast the impacts of different (production) alternatives of the product in question, thus being able to choose the most environmentally friendly. A life cycle analysis can serve ...