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  2. Plaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster

    Plaster expands while hardening then contracts slightly just before hardening completely. This makes plaster excellent for use in molds, and it is often used as an artistic material for casting. Plaster is also commonly spread over an armature (form), made of wire mesh, cloth, or other materials; a process for adding raised details.

  3. Pietro Caproni - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Caproni

    Pietro Paulo Caproni (1862–1928) was founder and co-owner of PP Caproni & Brother, Boston, Massachusetts, manufacturers of plaster reproductions of classical and contemporary statues. These 'cast' reproductions were, in an era before commercial photography, an integral educational tool in teaching people the history of art and antiquities.

  4. Plasterwork - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterwork

    Plaster for hair slabs made with manila hemp fiber broke at 195 lb (88 kg), plaster mixed with sisal hemp at 150 lb (68 kg), jute at 145 lb (66 kg), and goats' hair at 144 lb (65 kg). [citation needed] Another test was made in the following manner. Two barrels of mortar were made up of equal proportions of lime and sand, one containing the ...

  5. Gypsum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum

    Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. [4] It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk chalk.

  6. Timeline of materials technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_materials...

    28,000 BC – People wear beads, bracelets, and pendants [1]; 14,500 BC – First pottery, made by the Jōmon people of Japan.; 6th millennium BC – Copper metallurgy is invented and copper is used for ornamentation (see Pločnik article)

  7. Chalkware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalkware

    Early figurines made in the United Kingdom around 1955 were eggcups, for holding matches [3] or as ashtrays. The earliest designers being Paoli Brothers and Hermann Lohnberg. Fashions changed into 1956 with a move to animals. [4] By 1957, figurines and statues of african-style ladies and gentlemen were very dominant.

  8. List of American artists 1900 and after - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_artists...

    This is a list by date of birth of historically recognized American fine artists known for the creation of artworks that are primarily visual in nature, including traditional media such as painting, sculpture, photography, and printmaking, as well as more recent genres, including installation art, performance art, body art, conceptual art, digital art and video art.

  9. Plaster cast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster_cast

    Plaster cast bust of George Washington by Jean-Antoine Houdon based on a life mask cast in 1786.. A plaster cast is a copy made in plaster of another 3-dimensional form. The original from which the cast is taken may be a sculpture, building, a face, a pregnant belly, a fossil or other remains such as fresh or fossilised footprints – particularly in palaeontology (a track of dinosaur ...