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Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The related musical notation is known as melekket . [ 3 ]
Orthodox Tewahedo music refers to sacred music of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The music was long associated with Zema (chant), developed by the six century composer Yared . It is essential part of liturgical service in the Church and classified into fourteen anaphoras, with the normal use being the Twelve Apostles .
A debtera (or dabtara; [1] Ge'ez/Tigrinya/Amharic: ደብተራ (Däbtära); plural, Ge'ez\Tigrinya: debterat, Amharic: debtrawoch [2]) is an itinerant religious figure in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, [3] and the Beta Israel, [4] who sings hymns and dances for churchgoers, and who performs exorcisms and white magic to aid the congregation.
Ethiopian Orthodox believers are strict Trinitarians, [57] maintaining the Orthodox teaching that God is united in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This concept is known as səllase (ሥላሴ), [citation needed] Geʽez for "Trinity". Daily services constitute only a small part of an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian's religious observance.
The begena, (Amharic: በገና) is a ten-stringed box-lyre instrument from Ethiopia, and is the sole melodic instrument devoted only to the zema, the spiritual part of Ethiopian music. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Etymology and origin
Saint Yared (Ge'ez: ቅዱስ ያሬድ; 25 April 505 – 20 May 571) [2] [3] [4] was an Aksumite composer in the 6th century. Often credited with being the forerunner of traditional music of Ethiopia, he developed the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Eritrean Orthodox Church.
Protestant music also plays a dominant role since booming its distribution via CDs in 2000s, and recently it evolves from digital downloads. Some Ethiopian religious music has an ancient Christian element, traced to Yared, who lived during the reign of Emperor Gebre Meskel (Son of Kaleb of Aksumite Empire) in the 6th century.
The Book of Deggua (Ge'ez: መፅሃፈ ድጓ, De'guaa, means "lamentation") is a hymnary guideline of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches written by the 6th-century composer Yared. The great Deggua is called Mahlete Yared (treasury). Saint Yared singing before Gebre Meskel, king of Axum