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Addiction treatment must also help the individual maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society. Addiction is a disease which alters the structure and function of the brain. The brain circuitry may take months or years to recover after the addict has recovered. [42]
Despite the idea of cross-addiction being accepted as real in many addiction recovery groups, there is said to be little empirical evidence to support the idea and recent research suggests that the opposite is more likely to be true. The following is a list of twelve-step drug addiction recovery groups.
“The brain changes, and it doesn’t recover when you just stop the drug because the brain has been actually changed,” Kreek explained. “The brain may get OK with time in some persons. But it’s hard to find a person who has completely normal brain function after a long cycle of opiate addiction, not without specific medication treatment.”
Initiation of recovery is argued to be a direct result of loss of pleasure in an addict's life, which is a form of "psychic numbness". [7] However, it has been suggested that euphoric recall has the ability to override the "numbness" felt during recovery, therefore causing potential relapses in addiction.
In general medicine and psychiatry, recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of illness.The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from substance abuse/drug addiction, for example within twelve-step programs or the California Sober method.
An influential cognitive-behavioral approach to addiction recovery and therapy has been Alan Marlatt's (1985) Relapse Prevention approach. [62] Marlatt describes four psycho-social processes relevant to the addiction and relapse processes: self-efficacy , outcome expectancy, attributions of causality, and decision-making processes.
Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is an evidence-based mind-body therapy program developed by Eric Garland. [1] It is a therapeutic approach grounded in affective neuroscience that combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring skills. [ 2 ]
SMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves. [4] The program uses principles of motivational interviewing, found in motivational enhancement therapy (MET), [5] and techniques taken from rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment. [6]