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  2. Neurobiological effects of physical exercise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of...

    Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...

  3. Scientists Find This Type of Exercise Cuts Heart Disease Risk ...

    www.aol.com/scientists-type-exercise-cuts-heart...

    A few short bursts of exercise throughout the day may reduce heart disease risk by 50%, according to new research. Women specifically showed the most pronounced effects of short bursts of activity ...

  4. Excitotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity

    Excitotoxicity may be involved in cancers, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, hearing loss (through noise overexposure or ototoxicity), and in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, alcoholism, alcohol ...

  5. Neurotoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

    Properties leading to the susceptibility of nervous tissue include a high surface area of neurons, a high lipid content which retains lipophilic toxins, high blood flow to the brain inducing increased effective toxin exposure, and the persistence of neurons through an individual's lifetime, leading to compounding of damages. [21]

  6. 4 or 5-minute bouts of intense exercise may slash ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/4-5-minute-bouts-intense-070000022.html

    Just 1.5 to 4 minute small bursts of high intensity exercise throughout the day may lower a person’s risk of major cardiovascular events, such as stroke. 4 or 5-minute bouts of intense exercise ...

  7. Cellular stress response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_stress_response

    Cellular stress response is the wide range of molecular changes that cells undergo in response to environmental stressors, including extremes of temperature, exposure to toxins, and mechanical damage. Cellular stress responses can also be caused by some viral infections. [1]

  8. Hormesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis

    An example is the breathing of oxygen, which is required in low amounts (in air) via respiration in living animals, but can be toxic in high amounts, even in a managed clinical setting. [ 5 ] In toxicology , hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon to xenobiotics or other stressors.

  9. Botulinum toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin

    The toxin causes the disease botulism. [26] The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. [27] [28] Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent. [1] [23] The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). [27] [29] New types are ...