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Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree is a 1982 book by French literary theorist Gérard Genette.Over the years, the book's methodological proposals have been confirmed as effective operational definitions, and have been widely adopted in literary criticism terminology.
Literary theorist Gérard Genette defines paratext as those things in a published work that accompany the text, things such as the author's name, the title, preface or introduction, or illustrations. He states, "More than a boundary or a sealed border, the paratext is, rather, a threshold."
Genette was born in Paris, where he studied at the Lycée Lakanal and the École Normale Supérieure, University of Paris. [1] After leaving the French Communist Party, Genette was a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie during 1957–8. [2] He received his professorship in French literature at the Sorbonne in 1967.
Transtextuality is defined as the "textual transcendence of the text".According to Gérard Genette transtextuality is "all that sets the text in relationship, whether obvious or concealed, with other texts" and it "covers all aspects of a particular text". [1]
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In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing an omnisicent narrator. [2]
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"It is as though Genette had determined to give the lie of the skeptics who maintained that the structural analysis of narrative was suited only to the simplest narratives, like folk tales, and, in an act of bravado, had chosen as his object one of the most complex, subtle, and involuted narratives."